S demonstrated promising antitumor activity. A randomized phase II study of panitumumab, erlotinib, and GEM in APC showed a trend in OS advantage when compared with GEM plus�AlphaMed PressTheOncologistCMEBiological Therapy for Advanced Pancreatic CancerTable two. Summary of drugs in improvement in significant phase II and III trialsTrial Regimen Class Combined MEK and EGFR inhibitors MEK inhibitor MEK inhibitor Anti-IGF-1R antibody Reference Comment [19] — — [56] — — — — — — — — — — Second-line setting; disease handle rate 51 , of which ten of 41 patients had SD of .12 weeks Randomized phase II, initial line Single-arm phase II, 1st line Randomized phase II, initially line; preliminary evaluation showed superior PFS in GEM 1 MK0646 Phase Ib 1 single-arm phase II, very first line Randomized phase II, second line Single-arm phase II, second line Phase Ib 1 single-arm phase II, 1st line Phase Ib 1 randomized phase II, 1st line Randomized phase II, 1st line Phase I 1 single-arm phase II, initial line Single-arm phase II, initially line Single-arm phase II, deleterious BRCA mutation enriched Component I – randomized phase II, initial line, BRCA/PALB mutation enriched; part II – single-arm phase II, second or third line Med OS: six months vs. three.9 months (p 5 .0169) Randomized phase IIb, second or third line Single-arm phase II, 1st line Randomized phase II, initial line 6-month OS: 60.9 vs. 44.4 Phase II study showed superior 6-month OS with addition of study drug [87] Phase II information not availablePhase II (NCT quantity) (NCT01222689) Selumetinib 1 erlotinib (NCT01016483) BAYPAC (NCT01251640) (NCT00769483) Pimasertib (MSC1936369B) 1 GEM vs. GEM Refametinib (BAY86-9766) 1 GEM MK-0646 1 GEM vs.MK-0646 1 GEM 1 erlotinib vs. GEM 1 erlotinib LY2157299 1 GEM MK2206 1 AZD6244 vs. FOLFOX RO4929097 OMP-59R5 1 nab-paclitaxel/GEM PEGPH20 1 GEM vs. GEM ODSH 1 GEM/nab-paclitaxel vs. GEM/nab-paclitaxel M402 1 GEM/nab-paclitaxel GDC0449 1 GEM/nab-paclitaxel BMN673 Veliparib 1 GEM/Cisplatin vs.tert-Butyl 2-aminoacetate custom synthesis GEM/Cisplatin (part I) Veliparib (component II)(NCT01373164) (NCT0168943) (NCT01232829) ALPINE (NCT01647828) (NCT01453153) (NCT01461915) (NCT01621243) (NCT01088815) (NCT01989546) (NCT01585805)TGF-bI kinase Combined AKT and MEK inhibitors g-Secretase inhibitor Anti-Notch antibody Hyaluronidase Heparin derivative Heparin derivative Hedgehog inhibitor PARP inhibitor PARP inhibitorGVAX/CY 1 sequential CRS-207 vs.4-Chloropyridazin-3-ol site GVAX/CY ECLIPSE GVAX/CY 1 sequential CRS-207 (NCT02004262) vs.PMID:33653245 chemotherapy vs. CRS-207 (NCT00998322) Reolysin 1 GEM (NCT01280058) Reolysin 1 Taxol/Carbo vs. Taxol/Carbo AGS-1C4D4 1 GEM vs. GEM Phase III (NCT quantity) MAESTRO GEM 1 TH-302 vs. GEM (NCT01746979) PANCRIT-1 (NCT01956812) GEM 1 90Y Clivatuzumab–Vaccine (mesothelin-specific T-cell response) Vaccine (mesothelin-specific T-cell response) Viral therapy Viral therapy Immunotherapy against PSCA Hypoxia-targeted agent[101] — — — [103] — [104]RadioimmunotherapyAbbreviations: –, references for these trials are usually not applicable; Cap, capecitabine; Carbo, carboplatin; CY, cyclophosphamide; EGFR, epidermal growth issue receptor; GEM, gemcitabine; IGF-1R, insulin growth factor 1 receptor; Med OS, median all round survival; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; PSCA, prostate stem cell antigen; Taxol, paclitaxel; SD, steady illness; TGF-b, transforming growth factor b.erlotinib at a median follow-up of six months [32]. Having said that, this three-drug combination resulted in severe toxicities, specifically skin ras.